cd05230, UGD_SDR_e, UDP-glucuronate decarboxylase (UGD) and related proteins, extended (e) SDRs. UGD catalyzes the formation of UDP-xylose from UDP-glucuronate; it is an extended-SDR, and has the characteristic glycine-rich NAD-binding pattern, TGXXGXXG, and active site tetrad. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
cd00483, HPPK, 7,8-dihydro-6-hydroxymethylpterin-pyrophosphokinase (HPPK). Folate derivatives are essential cofactors in the biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids as well as formyl-tRNA. Mammalian cells are able to utilize pre-formed folates after uptake by a carrier-mediated active transport system. Most microbes and plants lack this system and must synthesize folates de novo from guanosine triphosphate. One enzyme from this pathway is HPPK which catalyzes pyrophosphoryl transfer from ATP to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin (HP). The functional enzyme is a monomer. Mammals lack many of the enzymes in the folate pathway including, HPPK.
cd03818, GT4_ExpC-like, Rhizobium meliloti ExpC and similar proteins. This family is most closely related to the GT4 family of glycosyltransferases. ExpC in Rhizobium meliloti has been shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of galactoglucan (exopolysaccharide II).
cd03424, ADPRase_NUDT5, ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase (ADPRase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADP-ribose and a variety of additional ADP-sugar conjugates to AMP and ribose-5-phosphate. Like other members of the Nudix hydrolase superfamily, it requires a divalent cation, such as Mg2+, for its activity. It also contains a highly conserved 23-residue Nudix motif (GX5EX7REUXEEXGU, where U = I, L or V) which functions as a metal binding site/catalytic site. In addition to the Nudix motif, there are additional conserved amino acid residues, distal from the signature sequence, that correlate with substrate specificity. In humans, there are four distinct ADPRase activities, three putative cytosolic enzymes (ADPRase-I, -II, and -Mn) and a single mitochondrial enzyme (ADPRase-m). Human ADPRase-II is also referred to as NUDT5. It lacks the N-terminal target sequence unique to mitochondrial ADPRase. The different cytosolic types are distinguished by their specificities for substrate and specific requirement for metal ions. NUDT5 forms a homodimer.
cd03261, ABC_Org_Solvent_Resistant, ATP-binding cassette transport system involved in resistant to organic solvents. ABC transporters are a large family of proteins involved in the transport of a wide variety of different compounds, like sugars, ions, peptides, and more complex organic molecules. The nucleotide binding domain shows the highest similarity between all members of the family. ABC transporters are a subset of nucleotide hydrolases that contain a signature motif, Q-loop, and H-loop/switch region, in addition to, the Walker A motif/P-loop and Walker B motif commonly found in a number of ATP- and GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins.
TIGR03556, photolyase_8HDF, deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase, 8-HDF type. This model describes a narrow clade of cyanobacterial deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase. This group, in contrast to several closely related proteins, uses a chromophore that, in other lineages is modified further to become coenzyme F420. This chromophore is called 8-HDF in most articles on the DNA photolyase and FO in most literature on coenzyme F420. [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair].
COG1463, Ttg2C, ABC-type transport system involved in resistance to organic solvents, periplasmic component [Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism].
cd05253, UDP_GE_SDE_e, UDP glucuronic acid epimerase, extended (e) SDRs. This subgroup contains UDP-D-glucuronic acid 4-epimerase, an extended SDR, which catalyzes the conversion of UDP-alpha-D-glucuronic acid to UDP-alpha-D-galacturonic acid. This group has the SDR's canonical catalytic tetrad and the TGxxGxxG NAD-binding motif of the extended SDRs. Extended SDRs are distinct from classical SDRs. In addition to the Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet) core region typical of all SDRs, extended SDRs have a less conserved C-terminal extension of approximately 100 amino acids. Extended SDRs are a diverse collection of proteins, and include isomerases, epimerases, oxidoreductases, and lyases; they typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold, an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes is typically in the 15-30% range; they catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser and/or an Asn, contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Atypical SDRs generally lack the catalytic residues characteristic of the SDRs, and their glycine-rich NAD(P)-binding motif is often different from the forms normally seen in classical or extended SDRs. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif.
TIGR02442, Uncharacterized_protein_Rv2850c/MT2916, cobaltochelatase subunit. Cobaltochelatase is responsible for the insertion of cobalt into the corrin ring of coenzyme B12 during its biosynthesis. Two versions have been well described. CbiK/CbiX is a monomeric, anaerobic version which acts early in the biosynthesis (pfam06180). CobNST is a trimeric, ATP-dependent, aerobic version which acts late in the biosynthesis (TIGR02257/TIGR01650/TIGR01651). A number of genomes (actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, betaproteobacteria and pseudomonads) which apparently biosynthesize B12, encode a cobN gene but are demonstrably lacking cobS and cobT. These genomes do, however contain a homolog (modelled here) of the magnesium chelatase subunits BchI/BchD family. Aside from the cyanobacteria (which have a separate magnesium chelatase trimer), these species do not make chlorins, so do not have any use for a magnesium chelatase. Furthermore, in nearly all cases the members of this family are proximal to either CobN itself or other genes involved in cobalt transport or B12 biosynthesis.
The bacterium proteins that are colored denote the protein is present at specific phage-related keywords (such as 'capsid', 'head', 'integrase', 'plate', 'tail', 'fiber', 'coat', 'transposase', 'portal', 'terminase', 'protease' or 'lysin' and 'tRNA')
The bacterium proteins that are colored denote the protein is present at specific phage-related keywords (such as 'capsid', 'head', 'integrase', 'plate', 'tail', 'fiber', 'coat', 'transposase', 'portal', 'terminase', 'protease' or 'lysin' and 'tRNA')
The bacterium proteins that are colored denote the protein is present at specific phage-related keywords (such as 'capsid', 'head', 'integrase', 'plate', 'tail', 'fiber', 'coat', 'transposase', 'portal', 'terminase', 'protease' or 'lysin' and 'tRNA')