TIGR01196, Phosphogluconate_dehydratase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase. A close homolog, designated MocB (mannityl opine catabolism), is found in a mannopine catabolism region of a plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. However, it is not essential for mannopine catabolism, branches within the cluster of 6-phosphogluconate dehydratases (with a short branch length) in a tree rooted by the presence of other dehydyatases. It may represent an authentic 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase, redundant with the chromosomal copy shown to exist in plasmid-cured strains. This model includes mocB above the trusted cutoff, although the designation is somewhat tenuous. [Energy metabolism, Entner-Doudoroff].
cd05283, CAD1, Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD). Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD), members of the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase family, reduce cinnamaldehydes to cinnamyl alcohols in the last step of monolignal metabolism in plant cells walls. CAD binds 2 zinc ions and is NADPH- dependent. CAD family members are also found in non-plant species, e.g. in yeast where they have an aldehyde reductase activity. The medium chain dehydrogenases/reductase (MDR)/zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase-like family, which contains the zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-Zn) and related proteins, is a diverse group of proteins related to the first identified member, class I mammalian ADH. MDRs display a broad range of activities and are distinguished from the smaller short chain dehydrogenases (~ 250 amino acids vs. the ~ 350 amino acids of the MDR). The MDR proteins have 2 domains: a C-terminal NAD(P) binding-Rossmann fold domain of a beta-alpha form and an N-terminal catalytic domain with distant homology to GroES. The MDR group contains a host of activities, including the founding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase, butanediol DH, ketose reductase, cinnamyl reductase, and numerous others. The zinc-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) catalyze the NAD(P)(H)-dependent interconversion of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones. Active site zinc has a catalytic role, while structural zinc aids in stability. ADH-like proteins typically form dimers (typically higher plants, mammals) or tetramers (yeast, bacteria), and generally have 2 tightly bound zinc atoms per subunit. The active site zinc is coordinated by a histidine, two cysteines, and a water molecule. The second zinc seems to play a structural role, affects subunit interactions, and is typically coordinated by 4 cysteines.
cd05346, SDR_c5, classical (c) SDR, subgroup 5. These proteins are members of the classical SDR family, with a canonical active site tetrad and a typical Gly-rich NAD-binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
TIGR00749, Glucokinase_Glucose_kinase., glucokinase, proteobacterial type. This model represents glucokinase of E. coli and close homologs, mostly from other proteobacteria, presumed to have equivalent function. This glucokinase is more closely related to a number of uncharacterized paralogs than to the glucokinase glcK (fromerly yqgR) of Bacillus subtilis and its closest homologs, so the two sets are represented by separate models. [Energy metabolism, Glycolysis/gluconeogenesis].
cd03376, TPP_PFOR_porB_like, Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP family), PFOR porB-like subfamily, TPP-binding module; composed of proteins similar to the beta subunit (porB) of the Helicobacter pylori four-subunit pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), which are also found in archaea and some hyperthermophilic bacteria. PFOR catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA, a crucial step in many metabolic pathways. Archaea, anaerobic bacteria and eukaryotes that lack mitochondria (and therefore pyruvate dehydrogenase) use PFOR to oxidatively decarboxylate pyruvate, with ferredoxin or flavodoxin as the electron acceptor. The 36-kDa porB subunit contains the binding sites for the cofactors, TPP and a divalent metal cation, which are required for activity.
pfam01856, HP_OMP, Helicobacter outer membrane protein. This family seems confined to Helicobacter. It is predicted to be an outer membrane protein based on its pattern of alternating hydrophobic amino acids similar to porins.
TIGR01198, 6-phosphogluconolactonase_6PGL., 6-phosphogluconolactonase. This enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway is often found as a part of a multifunctional protein with [Energy metabolism, Pentose phosphate pathway].
pfam01856, HP_OMP, Helicobacter outer membrane protein. This family seems confined to Helicobacter. It is predicted to be an outer membrane protein based on its pattern of alternating hydrophobic amino acids similar to porins.
TIGR01182, KHG/KDPG_aldolase_., Entner-Doudoroff aldolase. 2-deydro-3-deoxyphosphogluconate aldolase (EC 4.1.2.14) is an enzyme of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. This aldolase has another function, 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (EC 4.1.3.16) shown experimentally in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida [Amino acid biosynthesis, Glutamate family, Energy metabolism, Entner-Doudoroff].
TIGR01179, UDP-glucose_4-epimerase, UDP-glucose-4-epimerase GalE. Alternate name: UDPgalactose 4-epimerase This enzyme interconverts UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose. A set of related proteins, some of which are tentatively identified as UDP-glucose-4-epimerase in Thermotoga maritima, Bacillus halodurans, and several archaea, but deeply branched from this set and lacking experimental evidence, are excluded from this model and described by a separate model. [Energy metabolism, Sugars].
pfam04316, FlgM, Anti-sigma-28 factor, FlgM. FlgM binds and inhibits the activity of the transcription factor sigma 28. Inhibition of sigma 28 prevents the expression of genes from flagellar transcriptional class 3, which include genes for the filament and chemotaxis. Correctly assembled basal body-hook structures export FlgM, relieving inhibition of sigma 28 and allowing expression of class 3 genes. NMR studies show that free FlgM is mostly unfolded, which may facilitate its export. The C terminal half of FlgM adopts a tertiary structure when it binds to sigma 28. All mutations in FlgM that prevent sigma 28 inhibition affect the C-terminal domain and is the region thought to constitute the binding domain. A minimal binding domain has been identified between Glu 64 and Arg 88 in Salmonella typhimurium. The N-terminal portion remains unstructured and may be necessary for recognition by the export machinery.
TIGR00066, Contains:_Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase_large_chain, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Also called gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (ggt). Some members of this family have antibiotic synthesis or resistance activities. In the case of a cephalosporin acylase from Pseudomonas sp., the enzyme was shown to retain some gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity. Other, more distantly related proteins have ggt-related activities and score below the trusted cutoff. [Biosynthesis of cofactors, prosthetic groups, and carriers, Glutathione and analogs].
TIGR00675, Modification_methylase, DNA-methyltransferase (dcm). All proteins in this family for which functions are known are DNA-cytosine methyltransferases. This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair].
cd03376, TPP_PFOR_porB_like, Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP family), PFOR porB-like subfamily, TPP-binding module; composed of proteins similar to the beta subunit (porB) of the Helicobacter pylori four-subunit pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), which are also found in archaea and some hyperthermophilic bacteria. PFOR catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA, a crucial step in many metabolic pathways. Archaea, anaerobic bacteria and eukaryotes that lack mitochondria (and therefore pyruvate dehydrogenase) use PFOR to oxidatively decarboxylate pyruvate, with ferredoxin or flavodoxin as the electron acceptor. The 36-kDa porB subunit contains the binding sites for the cofactors, TPP and a divalent metal cation, which are required for activity.
pfam01856, HP_OMP, Helicobacter outer membrane protein. This family seems confined to Helicobacter. It is predicted to be an outer membrane protein based on its pattern of alternating hydrophobic amino acids similar to porins.
pfam01856, HP_OMP, Helicobacter outer membrane protein. This family seems confined to Helicobacter. It is predicted to be an outer membrane protein based on its pattern of alternating hydrophobic amino acids similar to porins.
The bacterium proteins that are colored denote the protein is present at specific phage-related keywords (such as 'capsid', 'head', 'integrase', 'plate', 'tail', 'fiber', 'coat', 'transposase', 'portal', 'terminase', 'protease' or 'lysin' and 'tRNA')
