pfam14385, DUF4416, Domain of unknown function (DUF4416). This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterized. This family of proteins is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 176 and 187 amino acids in length. There is a conserved DPG sequence motif.
pfam09709, Cas_Csd1, CRISPR-associated protein (Cas_Csd1). CRISPR loci appear to be mobile elements with a wide host range. This entry represents proteins that tend to be found near CRISPR repeats. The species range, so far, is exclusively bacterial and mesophilic, although CRISPR loci are particularly common among the archaea and thermophilic bacteria. Clusters of short DNA repeats with nonhomologous spacers, which are found at regular intervals in the genomes of phylogenetically distinct prokaryotic species, comprise a family with recognisable features. This family is known as CRISPR (short for Clustered, Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). A number of protein families appear only in association with these repeats and are designated Cas (CRISPR-Associated) proteins.
TIGR00372, conserved_hypothetical_protein, CRISPR-associated protein Cas4. This model represents a family of proteins associated with CRISPR repeats in a wide set of prokaryotic genomes. This scope of this model has been broadened since it was first built to describe an archaeal subset only. The function of the protein is undefined. Distantly related proteins, excluded from this model, include ORFs from Mycobacteriophage D29 and Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus and a region of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA replication helicase Dna2p.
TIGR03640, cas1_DVULG, CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas1, subtype I-C/DVULG. The CRISPR-associated protein Cas1 is virtually universal to CRISPR systems. CRISPR, an acronym for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, is prokaryotic immunity system for foreign DNA, mostly from phage. CRISPR systems belong to different subtypes, distinguished by both nature of the repeats, the makeup of the cohort of associated Cas proteins, and by molecular phylogeny within the more universal Cas proteins such as this one. This model is of type EXCEPTION and provides more specific information than the EQUIVALOG model TIGR00287. It describes the Cas1 protein particular to the DVULG subtype of CRISPR/Cas system.
cd13580, PBP2_AlgQ_like_1, Periplasmic-binding component of alginate-specific ABC uptake system-like; contains the type 2 periplasmic binding fold. This subgroup includes uncharacterized periplasmic-binding proteins that are closely related to high molecular weight (HMW) alginate bining proteins (AlgQ1 and AlgQ2) found in gram-negative soil bacteria. The HMW alginate uptake system is composed of a novel pit formed on the cell surface and a pit-dependent ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter in the inner membrane. The transportation of HMW alginate from the pit to the ABC transporter is mediated by periplasmic HMW alginate-binding proteins (AlgQ1 and AlgQ2). Alginate is an anionic polysaccharide that is made up of alpha-L-mannuronate and its 5'-epimer, alpha-L-guluronate. Alginate is present in the cell walls of brown seaweeds, where it forms a viscous gum by binding water. Alginate is also produced by two bacteria genera Pseudomonas and Azotobacter. AlgQ1 and AlgQ2 belong to the type 2 periplasmic-binding fold superfamily. PBP2 is comprised of two globular subdomains connected by a flexible hinge and bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. However, unlike other bacterial periplasmic-binding proteins that deliver small solutes to ABC transporters, AlgQ1/2 can bind a macromolecule and may have specificity for either sugar or a certain type of polysaccharide.
cd09725, Cas2_I_II_III, CRISPR/Cas system-associated protein Cas2. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and associated Cas proteins comprise a system for heritable host defense by prokaryotic cells against phage and other foreign DNA; Cas2 is present in majority of CRISPR/Cas systems along with Cas1; RNAse specific to U-rich regions; Possesses an RRM/ferredoxin fold.
pfam13280, WYL, WYL domain. WYL is a Sm-like SH3 beta-barrel fold containing domain. It is a member of the WYL-like superfamily, named for three conserved amino acids found in a subset of the superfamily. However, these residues are not strongly conserved throughout the family. Rather, the conservation pattern includes four basic residues and a position often occupied by a cysteine, which are predicted to line a ligand-binding groove typical of the Sm-like SH3 beta-barrels. A WYL domain protein (sll7009) is a negative regulator of the I-D CRISPR-Cas system in Synechocystis sp. It is predicted to be a ligand-sensing domain that could bind negatively charged ligands, such as nucleotides or nucleic acid fragments, to regulate CRISPR-Cas and other defense systems such as the abortive infection AbiG system.
cd09752, Cas5_I-C, CRISPR/Cas system-associated RAMP superfamily protein Cas5. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and associated Cas proteins comprise a system for heritable host defense by prokaryotic cells against phage and other foreign DNA; Cas5 is a RAMP superfamily protein; Subunit of the Cascade complex; in subtype I-C this protein might be the endoribonuclease that generates crRNAs; also known as DevS family.
pfam02449, Glyco_hydro_42, Beta-galactosidase. This group of beta-galactosidase enzymes belong to the glycosyl hydrolase 42 family. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing terminal beta-D-galactosidase residues.
pfam05107, Cas_Cas7, CRISPR-associated protein Cas7. CRISPR-associated protein Cas7 is one of the components of the type I-B cascade-like antiviral defense complex. In Haloferax volcanii, Cas5, Cas6 and Cas7 form a small complex that aids the stability of CRISPR-derived RNA.
pfam07238, PilZ, PilZ domain. PilZ is a c-di-GMP binding domain which is found C terminal to pfam07317. Proteins which contain PilZ are known to interact with the flagellar switch-complex proteins FliG and FliM. This interaction results in a reduction of torque generation and induces CCW motor bias. This domain forms a beta barrel structure.
sd00006, TPR, Tetratricopeptide repeat. The Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) typically contains 34 amino acids and is found in a variety of organisms including bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, fungi, plants, and humans. It is present in a variety of proteins including those involved in chaperone, cell-cycle, transcription, and protein transport complexes. The number of TPR motifs varies among proteins. Those containing 5-6 tandem repeats generate a right-handed helical structure with an amphipathic channel that is thought to accommodate an alpha-helix of a target protein. It has been proposed that TPR proteins preferentially interact with WD-40 repeat proteins, but in many instances several TPR-proteins seem to aggregate to multi-protein complexes.
cd02947, TRX_family, TRX family; composed of two groups: Group I, which includes proteins that exclusively encode a TRX domain; and Group II, which are composed of fusion proteins of TRX and additional domains. Group I TRX is a small ancient protein that alter the redox state of target proteins via the reversible oxidation of an active site dithiol, present in a CXXC motif, partially exposed at the protein's surface. TRX reduces protein disulfide bonds, resulting in a disulfide bond at its active site. Oxidized TRX is converted to the active form by TRX reductase, using reducing equivalents derived from either NADPH or ferredoxins. By altering their redox state, TRX regulates the functions of at least 30 target proteins, some of which are enzymes and transcription factors. It also plays an important role in the defense against oxidative stress by directly reducing hydrogen peroxide and certain radicals, and by serving as a reductant for peroxiredoxins. At least two major types of functional TRXs have been reported in most organisms; in eukaryotes, they are located in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. Higher plants contain more types (at least 20 TRX genes have been detected in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana), two of which (types f amd m) are located in the same compartment, the chloroplast. Also included in the alignment are TRX-like domains which show sequence homology to TRX but do not contain the redox active CXXC motif. Group II proteins, in addition to either a redox active TRX or a TRX-like domain, also contain additional domains, which may or may not possess homology to known proteins.
pfam00520, Ion_trans, Ion transport protein. This family contains sodium, potassium and calcium ion channels. This family is 6 transmembrane helices in which the last two helices flank a loop which determines ion selectivity. In some sub-families (e.g. Na channels) the domain is repeated four times, whereas in others (e.g. K channels) the protein forms as a tetramer in the membrane.
TIGR02917, TPR_domain_protein, putative PEP-CTERM system TPR-repeat lipoprotein. This protein family occurs in strictly within a subset of Gram-negative bacterial species with the proposed PEP-CTERM/exosortase system, analogous to the LPXTG/sortase system common in Gram-positive bacteria. This protein occurs in a species if and only if a transmembrane histidine kinase (TIGR02916) and a DNA-binding response regulator (TIGR02915) also occur. The present of tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) suggests protein-protein interaction, possibly for the regulation of PEP-CTERM protein expression, since many PEP-CTERM proteins in these genomes are preceded by a proposed DNA binding site for the response regulator.
pfam04773, FecR, FecR protein. FecR is involved in regulation of iron dicitrate transport. In the absence of citrate FecR inactivates FecI. FecR is probably a sensor that recognizes iron dicitrate in the periplasm.
sd00006, TPR, Tetratricopeptide repeat. The Tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) typically contains 34 amino acids and is found in a variety of organisms including bacteria, cyanobacteria, yeast, fungi, plants, and humans. It is present in a variety of proteins including those involved in chaperone, cell-cycle, transcription, and protein transport complexes. The number of TPR motifs varies among proteins. Those containing 5-6 tandem repeats generate a right-handed helical structure with an amphipathic channel that is thought to accommodate an alpha-helix of a target protein. It has been proposed that TPR proteins preferentially interact with WD-40 repeat proteins, but in many instances several TPR-proteins seem to aggregate to multi-protein complexes.
TIGR02495, RADICAL-ACTIVATING_ENZYME, anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase activating protein. This enzyme is a member of the radical-SAM family (pfam04055). It is often gene clustered with the class III (anaerobic) ribonucleotide triphosphate reductase (NrdD, TIGR02487) and presumably fulfills the identical function as NrdG, which utilizes S-adenosyl methionine, an iron-sulfur cluster and a reductant (dihydroflavodoxin) to produce a glycine-centered radical in NrdD. [Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and nucleotides, 2'-Deoxyribonucleotide metabolism, Protein fate, Protein modification and repair].
pfam07238, PilZ, PilZ domain. PilZ is a c-di-GMP binding domain which is found C terminal to pfam07317. Proteins which contain PilZ are known to interact with the flagellar switch-complex proteins FliG and FliM. This interaction results in a reduction of torque generation and induces CCW motor bias. This domain forms a beta barrel structure.
cd07043, STAS_anti-anti-sigma_factors, Sulphate Transporter and Anti-Sigma factor antagonist) domain of anti-anti-sigma factors, key regulators of anti-sigma factors by phosphorylation. Anti-anti-sigma factors play an important role in the regulation of several sigma factors and their corresponding anti-sigma factors. Upon dephosphorylation they bind the anti-sigma factor and induce the release of the sigma factor from the anti-sigma factor. In a feedback mechanism the anti-anti-sigma factor can be inactivated via phosphorylation by the anti-sigma factor. Well studied examples from Bacillus subtilis are SpoIIAA (regulating sigmaF and sigmaC which play an important role in sporulation) and RsbV (regulating sigmaB involved in the general stress response). The STAS domain is also found in the C- terminal region of sulphate transporters and stressosomes.
TIGR02521, Uncharacterized_protein_HI_0366, type IV pilus biogenesis/stability protein PilW. Members of this family are designated PilF and PilW. This outer membrane protein is required both for pilus stability and for pilus function such as adherence to human cells. Members of this family contain copies of the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat) domain.
cd13585, PBP2_TMBP_like, The periplasmic-binding component of ABC transport systems specific for trehalose/maltose and similar oligosaccharides; possess type 2 periplasmic binding fold. This family includes the periplasmic trehalose/maltose-binding component of an ABC transport system and related proteins from archaea and bacteria. Members of this group belong to the type 2 periplasmic-binding fold superfamily. PBP2 is comprised of two globular subdomains connected by a flexible hinge and bind their ligand in the cleft between these domains in a manner resembling a Venus flytrap. The majority of PBP2 proteins function in the uptake of small soluble substrates in eubacteria and archaea. After binding their specific ligand with high affinity, they can interact with a cognate membrane transport complex comprised of two integral membrane domains and two cytoplasmically located ATPase domains. This interaction triggers the ligand translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane energized by ATP hydrolysis.
cd01011, nicotinamidase, Nicotinamidase/pyrazinamidase (PZase). Nicotinamidase, a ubiquitous enzyme in prokaryotes, converts nicotinamide to nicotinic acid (niacin) and ammonia, which in turn can be recycled to make nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The same enzyme is also called pyrazinamidase, because in converts the tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide (PZA) into its active form pyrazinoic acid (POA).
cd16410, ParB_N_like, ParB N-terminal, parA-binding, -like domain of bacterial and plasmid parABS partitioning systems. This family represents the N-terminal domain of ParB, a DNA-binding component of the prokaryotic parABS partitioning system. parABS contributes to the efficient segregation of chromosomes and low-copy number plasmids to daughter cells during prokaryotic cell division. The process includes the parA (Walker box) ATPase, the ParB DNA-binding protein and a parS cis-acting DNA sites. Binding of ParB to centromere-like parS sites is followed by non-specific binding to DNA ("spreading", which has been implicated in gene silencing in plasmid P1) and oligomerization of additional ParB molecules near the parS sites. It has been proposed that ParB-ParB cross-linking compacts the DNA, binds to parA via the N-terminal region, and leads to parA separating the ParB-parS complexes and the recruitment of the SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes) complexes. The ParB N-terminal domain of Bacillus subtilis and other species contains a Arginine-rich ParB Box II with residues essential for bridging of the ParB-parS complexes. The arginine-rich ParB Box II consensus (I[VIL]AGERR[FYW]RA[AS] identified in several species is partially conserved with this family and related families. Mutations within the basic columns particularly debilitate spreading from the parS sites and impair SMC recruitment. The C-terminal domain contains a HTH DNA-binding motif and is the primary homo-dimerization domain, and binds to parS DNA sites. Additional homo-dimerization contacts are found along the N-terminal domain, but dimerization of the N-terminus may only occur after concentration at ParB-parS foci.
COG1463, Ttg2C, ABC-type transport system involved in resistance to organic solvents, periplasmic component [Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism].
cd03261, ABC_Org_Solvent_Resistant, ATP-binding cassette transport system involved in resistant to organic solvents. ABC transporters are a large family of proteins involved in the transport of a wide variety of different compounds, like sugars, ions, peptides, and more complex organic molecules. The nucleotide binding domain shows the highest similarity between all members of the family. ABC transporters are a subset of nucleotide hydrolases that contain a signature motif, Q-loop, and H-loop/switch region, in addition to, the Walker A motif/P-loop and Walker B motif commonly found in a number of ATP- and GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins.
pfam02283, CobU, Cobinamide kinase / cobinamide phosphate guanyltransferase. This family is composed of a group of bifunctional cobalamin biosynthesis enzymes which display cobinamide kinase and cobinamide phosphate guanyltransferase activity. The crystal structure of the enzyme reveals the molecule to be a trimer with a propeller-like shape.
The bacterium proteins that are colored denote the protein is present at specific phage-related keywords (such as 'capsid', 'head', 'integrase', 'plate', 'tail', 'fiber', 'coat', 'transposase', 'portal', 'terminase', 'protease' or 'lysin' and 'tRNA')
