cd03801, GT4_PimA-like, phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosyltransferase. This family is most closely related to the GT4 family of glycosyltransferases and named after PimA in Propionibacterium freudenreichii, which is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIM) which are early precursors in the biosynthesis of lipomannans (LM) and lipoarabinomannans (LAM), and catalyzes the addition of a mannosyl residue from GDP-D-mannose (GDP-Man) to the position 2 of the carrier lipid phosphatidyl-myo-inositol (PI) to generate a phosphatidyl-myo-inositol bearing an alpha-1,2-linked mannose residue (PIM1). Glycosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. The acceptor molecule can be a lipid, a protein, a heterocyclic compound, or another carbohydrate residue. This group of glycosyltransferases is most closely related to the previously defined glycosyltransferase family 1 (GT1). The members of this family may transfer UDP, ADP, GDP, or CMP linked sugars. The diverse enzymatic activities among members of this family reflect a wide range of biological functions. The protein structure available for this family has the GTB topology, one of the two protein topologies observed for nucleotide-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases. GTB proteins have distinct N- and C- terminal domains each containing a typical Rossmann fold. The two domains have high structural homology despite minimal sequence homology. The large cleft that separates the two domains includes the catalytic center and permits a high degree of flexibility. The members of this family are found mainly in certain bacteria and archaea.
cd05403, NT_KNTase_like, Nucleotidyltransferase (NT) domain of Staphylococcus aureus kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase, and similar proteins. S. aureus KNTase is a plasmid encoded enzyme which confers resistance to a wide range of aminoglycoside antibiotics which have a 4'- or 4''-hydroxyl group in the equatorial position, such as kanamycin A. This enzyme transfers a nucleoside monophosphate group from a nucleotide (ATP,GTP, or UTP) to the 4'-hydroxyl group of kanamycin A. This enzyme is a homodimer, having two NT active sites. The nucleotide and antibiotic binding sites of each active site include residues from each monomer. Included in this subgroup is Escherichia coli AadA5 which confers resistance to the antibiotic spectinomycin and is a putative aminoglycoside-3'-adenylyltransferase. It is part of the aadA5 cassette of a class 1 integron. This subgroup also includes Haemophilus influenzae HI0073 which forms a 2:2 heterotetramer with an unrelated protein HI0074. Structurally HI0074 is related to the substrate-binding domain of S. aureus KNTase. The genes encoding HI0073 and HI0074 form an operon. Little is known about the substrate specificity or function of two-component NTs. The characterized members of this subgroup may not be representive of the function of this subgroup. This subgroup belongs to the Pol beta-like NT superfamily. In the majority of enzymes in this superfamily, two carboxylates, Dx[D/E], together with a third more distal carboxylate, co-ordinate two divalent metal cations involved in a two-metal ion mechanism of nucleotide addition. These carboxylate residues are conserved in this subgroup.
pfam02585, PIG-L, GlcNAc-PI de-N-acetylase. Members of this family are related to PIG-L an N-acetylglucosaminylphosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase (EC:3.5.1.89) that catalyzes the second step in GPI biosynthesis.
pfam09820, AAA-ATPase_like, Predicted AAA-ATPase. This family contains many hypothetical bacterial proteins. This family was previously the N-terminal part of the Pfam DUF1703 (pfam08011) family before it was split into two. This region is predicted to be an AAA-ATPase domain.
TIGR03586, PseI, pseudaminic acid synthase. Members of this family are included within the larger pfam03102 (NeuB) family. NeuB itself (TIGR03569) is involved in the biosynthesis of neuraminic acid by the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) with N-Acetyl-D-Mannosamine. In an analagous reaction, this enzyme, PseI, condenses PEP with 6-deoxy-beta-L-AltNAc4NAc to generate pseudaminic acid.
pfam18291, HU-HIG, HU domain fused to wHTH, Ig, or Glycine-rich motif. Rapidly-diverging family of HU domains predominantly observed in the bacteroidetes lineage with a predicted role in recognition and possible interception of the DNA of parasitic elements, a counter-conflict strategy preventing incorporation of these elements into the host genome.
pfam09820, AAA-ATPase_like, Predicted AAA-ATPase. This family contains many hypothetical bacterial proteins. This family was previously the N-terminal part of the Pfam DUF1703 (pfam08011) family before it was split into two. This region is predicted to be an AAA-ATPase domain.
pfam14053, DUF4248, Domain of unknown function (DUF4248). This family of proteins is functionally uncharacterized. This family of proteins is found in bacteria. Proteins in this family are typically between 73 and 86 amino acids in length.
pfam09820, AAA-ATPase_like, Predicted AAA-ATPase. This family contains many hypothetical bacterial proteins. This family was previously the N-terminal part of the Pfam DUF1703 (pfam08011) family before it was split into two. This region is predicted to be an AAA-ATPase domain.
pfam03977, OAD_beta, Na+-transporting oxaloacetate decarboxylase beta subunit. Members of this family are integral membrane proteins. The decarboxylation reactions they catalyze are coupled to the vectorial transport of Na+ across the cytoplasmic membrane, thereby creating a sodium ion motive force that is used for ATP synthesis.
TIGR00372, conserved_hypothetical_protein, CRISPR-associated protein Cas4. This model represents a family of proteins associated with CRISPR repeats in a wide set of prokaryotic genomes. This scope of this model has been broadened since it was first built to describe an archaeal subset only. The function of the protein is undefined. Distantly related proteins, excluded from this model, include ORFs from Mycobacteriophage D29 and Sulfolobus islandicus filamentous virus and a region of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA replication helicase Dna2p.
smart01040, Bro-N, BRO family, N-terminal domain. This family includes the N-terminus of baculovirus BRO and ALI motif proteins. The function of BRO proteins is unknown. It has been suggested that BRO-A and BRO-C are DNA binding proteins that influence host DNA replication and/or transcription. This Pfam domain does not include the characteristic invariant alanine, leucine, isoleucine motif of the ALI proteins.
cd09651, Cas5_I-C, CRISPR/Cas system-associated RAMP superfamily protein Cas5. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and associated Cas proteins comprise a system for heritable host defense by prokaryotic cells against phage and other foreign DNA; Cas5 is a RAMP superfamily protein; Subunit of the Cascade complex; in subtype I-C this protein might be the endoribonuclease that generates crRNAs; also known as DevS family.
TIGR03640, cas1_DVULG, CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas1, subtype I-C/DVULG. The CRISPR-associated protein Cas1 is virtually universal to CRISPR systems. CRISPR, an acronym for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, is prokaryotic immunity system for foreign DNA, mostly from phage. CRISPR systems belong to different subtypes, distinguished by both nature of the repeats, the makeup of the cohort of associated Cas proteins, and by molecular phylogeny within the more universal Cas proteins such as this one. This model is of type EXCEPTION and provides more specific information than the EQUIVALOG model TIGR00287. It describes the Cas1 protein particular to the DVULG subtype of CRISPR/Cas system.
pfam05107, Cas_Cas7, CRISPR-associated protein Cas7. CRISPR-associated protein Cas7 is one of the components of the type I-B cascade-like antiviral defense complex. In Haloferax volcanii, Cas5, Cas6 and Cas7 form a small complex that aids the stability of CRISPR-derived RNA.
pfam09709, Cas_Csd1, CRISPR-associated protein (Cas_Csd1). CRISPR loci appear to be mobile elements with a wide host range. This entry represents proteins that tend to be found near CRISPR repeats. The species range, so far, is exclusively bacterial and mesophilic, although CRISPR loci are particularly common among the archaea and thermophilic bacteria. Clusters of short DNA repeats with nonhomologous spacers, which are found at regular intervals in the genomes of phylogenetically distinct prokaryotic species, comprise a family with recognisable features. This family is known as CRISPR (short for Clustered, Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats). A number of protein families appear only in association with these repeats and are designated Cas (CRISPR-Associated) proteins.
cd17313, MFS_SLC45_SUC, Solute carrier family 45 and similar sugar transporters of the Major Facilitator Superfamily of transporters. This group includes the solute carrier 45 (SLC45) family as well as plant sucrose transporters (SUCs or SUTs) and similar proteins such as Schizosaccharomyces pombe general alpha-glucoside permease. the SLC45 family is composed of four (A1-A4) vertebrate proteins as well as related insect proteins such as Drosophila sucrose transporter SCRT or Slc45-1. Members of this group transport sucrose and other sugars like maltose into the cell, with the concomitant uptake of protons (symport system). Plant sucrose transporters are crucial to carbon partitioning, playing a key role in phloem loading/unloading. They play a key role in loading and unloading of sucrose into the phloem and as a result, they control sucrose distribution throughout the whole plant and drive the osmotic flow system in the phloem. They also play a role in the exchange of sucrose between beneficial symbionts (mycorrhiza and Rhizobium) as well as pathogens such as nematodes and parasitic fungi. There are nine sucrose transporter genes in Arabidopsis and five in rice. Vertebrate SLC45 family proteins have been implicated in the regulation of glucose homoeostasis in the brain (SLC45A1), with skin and hair pigmentation (SLC45A2), and with prostate cancer and myelination (SLC45A3). Mutations in SLC45A2, also called MATP (membrane-associated transporter protein) or melanoma antigen AIM1, cause oculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4), an autosomal recessive disorder of melanin biosynthesis that results in congenital hypopigmentation of ocular and cutaneous tissues. The SLC45 family and related sugar transporters belong to the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) of membrane transport proteins, which are thought to function through a single substrate binding site, alternating-access mechanism involving a rocker-switch type of movement.
TIGR04056, OMP_RagA_SusC, TonB-linked outer membrane protein, SusC/RagA family. This model describes a distinctive clade among the TonB-linked outer membrane proteins (OMP). Members of this family are restricted to the Bacteriodetes lineage (except for Gemmatimonas aurantiaca T-27 from the novel phylum Gemmatimonadetes) and occur in high copy numbers, with over 100 members from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 alone. Published descriptions of members of this family are available for RagA from Porphyromonas gingivalis, SusC from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and OmpW from Bacteroides caccae. Members form pairs with members of the SusD/RagB family (pfam07980). Transporter complexes including these outer membrane proteins are likely to import large degradation products of proteins (e.g. RagA) or carbohydrates (e.g. SusC) as nutrients, rather than siderophores. [Transport and binding proteins, Unknown substrate].
TIGR01201, HU_rel, DNA-binding protein, histone-like, putative. This model describes a set of proteins related to but longer than DNA-binding protein HU. Its distinctive domain architecture compared to HU and related histone-like DNA-binding proteins justifies the designation as superfamily. Members include, so far, one from Bacteroides fragilis, a gut bacterium, and ten from Porphyromonas gingivalis, an oral anaerobe. [DNA metabolism, Chromosome-associated proteins].
cd09725, Cas2_I_II_III, CRISPR/Cas system-associated protein Cas2. CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and associated Cas proteins comprise a system for heritable host defense by prokaryotic cells against phage and other foreign DNA; Cas2 is present in majority of CRISPR/Cas systems along with Cas1; RNAse specific to U-rich regions; Possesses an RRM/ferredoxin fold.
pfam07745, Glyco_hydro_53, Glycosyl hydrolase family 53. This domain belongs to family 53 of the glycosyl hydrolase classification. These enzymes are enzymes are endo-1,4- beta-galactanases (EC:3.2.1.89). The structure of this domain is known and has a TIM barrel fold.
