cd16343, LMWPTP, Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase. Low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatases (LMW-PTP) are a family of small soluble single-domain enzymes that are characterized by a highly conserved active site motif (V/I)CXGNXCRS and share no sequence similarity with other types of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). LMW-PTPs play important roles in many biological processes and are widely distributed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
cd10170, HSP70_NBD, Nucleotide-binding domain of the HSP70 family. HSP70 (70-kDa heat shock protein) family chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). Some HSP70 family members are not chaperones but instead, function as NEFs to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle, some may function as both chaperones and NEFs.
cd05387, BY-kinase, bacterial tyrosine-kinase. Bacterial tyrosine (BY)-kinases catalyze the autophosphorylation on a C-terminal tyrosine cluster and also phosphorylate endogenous protein substrates by using ATP as phosphoryl donor. Besides their capacity to function as tyrosine kinase, most of these proteins are also involved in the production and transport of exopolysaccharides. BY-kinases are involved in a number of physiological processes ranging from stress resistance to pathogenicity.
cd09912, DLP_2, Dynamin-like protein including dynamins, mitofusins, and guanylate-binding proteins. The dynamin family of large mechanochemical GTPases includes the classical dynamins and dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) that are found throughout the Eukarya. This family also includes bacterial DLPs. These proteins catalyze membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin consists of five domains; an N-terminal G domain that binds and hydrolyzes GTP, a middle domain (MD) involved in self-assembly and oligomerization, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain responsible for interactions with the plasma membrane, GED, which is also involved in self-assembly, and a proline arginine rich domain (PRD) that interacts with SH3 domains on accessory proteins. To date, three vertebrate dynamin genes have been identified; dynamin 1, which is brain specific, mediates uptake of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals; dynamin-2 is expressed ubiquitously and similarly participates in membrane fission; mutations in the MD, PH and GED domains of dynamin 2 have been linked to human diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy and rare forms of centronuclear myopathy. Dynamin 3 participates in megakaryocyte progenitor amplification, and is also involved in cytoplasmic enlargement and the formation of the demarcation membrane system. This family also includes mitofusins (MFN1 and MFN2 in mammals) that are involved in mitochondrial fusion. Dynamin oligomerizes into helical structures around the neck of budding vesicles in a GTP hydrolysis-dependent manner.
pfam07907, YibE_F, YibE/F-like protein. The sequences featured in this family are similar to two proteins expressed by Lactococcus lactis, YibE and YibF. Most of the members of this family are annotated as being putative membrane proteins, and in fact the sequences contain a high proportion of hydrophobic residues.
TIGR03668, Rv0121_F420, PPOX class probable F420-dependent enzyme, Rv0121 family. A Genome Properties metabolic reconstruction for F420 biosynthesis shows that slightly over 10 percent of all prokaryotes with fully sequenced genomes, including about two thirds of the Actinomycetales, make F420. A variant of the Partial Phylogenetic Profiling algorithm, SIMBAL, shows that this protein likely binds F420 in a cleft similar to that in which the homologous enzyme pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase (PPOX) binds FMN. [Unknown function, Enzymes of unknown specificity].
cd10170, HSP70_NBD, Nucleotide-binding domain of the HSP70 family. HSP70 (70-kDa heat shock protein) family chaperones assist in protein folding and assembly and can direct incompetent "client" proteins towards degradation. Typically, HSP70s have a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and a substrate-binding domain (SBD). The nucleotide sits in a deep cleft formed between the two lobes of the NBD. The two subdomains of each lobe change conformation between ATP-bound, ADP-bound, and nucleotide-free states. ATP binding opens up the substrate-binding site; substrate-binding increases the rate of ATP hydrolysis. HSP70 chaperone activity is regulated by various co-chaperones: J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs). Some HSP70 family members are not chaperones but instead, function as NEFs to remove ADP from their HSP70 chaperone partners during the ATP hydrolysis cycle, some may function as both chaperones and NEFs.
cd09912, DLP_2, Dynamin-like protein including dynamins, mitofusins, and guanylate-binding proteins. The dynamin family of large mechanochemical GTPases includes the classical dynamins and dynamin-like proteins (DLPs) that are found throughout the Eukarya. This family also includes bacterial DLPs. These proteins catalyze membrane fission during clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Dynamin consists of five domains; an N-terminal G domain that binds and hydrolyzes GTP, a middle domain (MD) involved in self-assembly and oligomerization, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain responsible for interactions with the plasma membrane, GED, which is also involved in self-assembly, and a proline arginine rich domain (PRD) that interacts with SH3 domains on accessory proteins. To date, three vertebrate dynamin genes have been identified; dynamin 1, which is brain specific, mediates uptake of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals; dynamin-2 is expressed ubiquitously and similarly participates in membrane fission; mutations in the MD, PH and GED domains of dynamin 2 have been linked to human diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy and rare forms of centronuclear myopathy. Dynamin 3 participates in megakaryocyte progenitor amplification, and is also involved in cytoplasmic enlargement and the formation of the demarcation membrane system. This family also includes mitofusins (MFN1 and MFN2 in mammals) that are involved in mitochondrial fusion. Dynamin oligomerizes into helical structures around the neck of budding vesicles in a GTP hydrolysis-dependent manner.
pfam11271, DUF3068, Protein of unknown function (DUF3068). Some members in this family of proteins with unknown function are annotated as membrane proteins however this cannot be confirmed.
pfam01545, Cation_efflux, Cation efflux family. Members of this family are integral membrane proteins, that are found to increase tolerance to divalent metal ions such as cadmium, zinc, and cobalt. These proteins are thought to be efflux pumps that remove these ions from cells.
pfam00582, Usp, Universal stress protein family. The universal stress protein UspA is a small cytoplasmic bacterial protein whose expression is enhanced when the cell is exposed to stress agents. UspA enhances the rate of cell survival during prolonged exposure to such conditions, and may provide a general "stress endurance" activity. The crystal structure of Haemophilus influenzae UspA reveals an alpha/beta fold similar to that of the Methanococcus jannaschii MJ0577 protein, which binds ATP, though UspA lacks ATP-binding activity.
cd03801, GT4_PimA-like, phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosyltransferase. This family is most closely related to the GT4 family of glycosyltransferases and named after PimA in Propionibacterium freudenreichii, which is involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides (PIM) which are early precursors in the biosynthesis of lipomannans (LM) and lipoarabinomannans (LAM), and catalyzes the addition of a mannosyl residue from GDP-D-mannose (GDP-Man) to the position 2 of the carrier lipid phosphatidyl-myo-inositol (PI) to generate a phosphatidyl-myo-inositol bearing an alpha-1,2-linked mannose residue (PIM1). Glycosyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. The acceptor molecule can be a lipid, a protein, a heterocyclic compound, or another carbohydrate residue. This group of glycosyltransferases is most closely related to the previously defined glycosyltransferase family 1 (GT1). The members of this family may transfer UDP, ADP, GDP, or CMP linked sugars. The diverse enzymatic activities among members of this family reflect a wide range of biological functions. The protein structure available for this family has the GTB topology, one of the two protein topologies observed for nucleotide-sugar-dependent glycosyltransferases. GTB proteins have distinct N- and C- terminal domains each containing a typical Rossmann fold. The two domains have high structural homology despite minimal sequence homology. The large cleft that separates the two domains includes the catalytic center and permits a high degree of flexibility. The members of this family are found mainly in certain bacteria and archaea.
pfam11021, DUF2613, Protein of unknown function (DUF2613). This is a family of putative small secreted proteins expressed by Actinobacteria. The function is not known.
cd05328, 3alpha_HSD_SDR_c, alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha_HSD), classical (c) SDRs. Bacterial 3-alpha_HSD, which catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidoreduction of hydroxysteroids, is a dimeric member of the classical SDR family. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, 15-PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, 15-PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
pfam11847, DUF3367, Domain of unknown function (DUF3367). This domain is functionally uncharacterized. This domain is found in bacteria and archaea. This presumed domain is typically between 667 to 694 amino acids in length.
cd07139, ALDH_AldA-Rv0768, Mycobacterium tuberculosis aldehyde dehydrogenase AldA-like. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+-dependent, aldehyde dehydrogenase PDB structure, 3B4W, and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv aldehyde dehydrogenase AldA (locus Rv0768) sequence, as well as the Rhodococcus rhodochrous ALDH involved in haloalkane catabolism, and other similar sequences, are included in this CD.
The bacterium proteins that are colored denote the protein is present at specific phage-related keywords (such as 'capsid', 'head', 'integrase', 'plate', 'tail', 'fiber', 'coat', 'transposase', 'portal', 'terminase', 'protease' or 'lysin' and 'tRNA')
