TIGR02191, Ribonuclease_3, ribonuclease III, bacterial. This family consists of bacterial examples of ribonuclease III. This enzyme cleaves double-stranded rRNA. It is involved in processing ribosomal RNA precursors. It is found even in minimal genones such as Mycoplasma genitalium and Buchnera aphidicola, and in some cases has been shown to be an essential gene. These bacterial proteins contain a double-stranded RNA binding motif (pfam00035) and a ribonuclease III domain (pfam00636). Eukaryotic homologs tend to be much longer proteins with additional domains, localized to the nucleus, and not included in this family. [Transcription, RNA processing].
TIGR03599, YloV, DAK2 domain fusion protein YloV. This model describes a protein family that contains an N-terminal DAK2 domain (pfam02734), so named because of similarity to the dihydroxyacetone kinase family family. The GTP-binding protein CgtA (a member of the obg family) is a bacterial GTPase associated with ribosome biogenesis, and it has a characteristic extension (TIGR03595) in certain lineages. This protein family described here was found, by the method of partial phylognetic profiling, to have a phylogenetic distribution strongly correlated to that of TIGR03595. This correlation implies some form of functional coupling.
cd09608, M3B_PepF, Peptidase family M3B, oligopeptidase F (PepF). Peptidase family M3B oligopeptidase F (PepF; Pz-peptidase B; EC 3.4.24.-) is mostly bacterial and includes oligoendopeptidase F from Lactococcus lactis. This enzyme hydrolyzes peptides containing between 7 and 17 amino acids with fairly broad specificity. The PepF gene is duplicated in L. lactis on the plasmid that bears it, while a shortened second copy is found in Bacillus subtilis. Most bacterial PepFs are cytoplasmic endopeptidases; however, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PepF oligopeptidase is a secreted protein and may facilitate the process of sporulation. Specifically, the yjbG gene encoding the homolog of the PepF1 and PepF2 oligoendopeptidases of Lactococcus lactis has been identified in Bacillus subtilis as an inhibitor of sporulation initiation when over-expressed from a multicopy plasmid. This PepF family includes Streptococcus agalactiae PepB, a group B streptococcal oligopeptidase which has been shown to degrade a variety of bioactive peptides as well as the synthetic collagen-like substrate N-(3-[2-furyl]acryloyl)-Leu-Gly- Pro-Ala in vitro.
cd09608, M3B_PepF, Peptidase family M3B, oligopeptidase F (PepF). Peptidase family M3B oligopeptidase F (PepF; Pz-peptidase B; EC 3.4.24.-) is mostly bacterial and includes oligoendopeptidase F from Lactococcus lactis. This enzyme hydrolyzes peptides containing between 7 and 17 amino acids with fairly broad specificity. The PepF gene is duplicated in L. lactis on the plasmid that bears it, while a shortened second copy is found in Bacillus subtilis. Most bacterial PepFs are cytoplasmic endopeptidases; however, the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PepF oligopeptidase is a secreted protein and may facilitate the process of sporulation. Specifically, the yjbG gene encoding the homolog of the PepF1 and PepF2 oligoendopeptidases of Lactococcus lactis has been identified in Bacillus subtilis as an inhibitor of sporulation initiation when over-expressed from a multicopy plasmid. This PepF family includes Streptococcus agalactiae PepB, a group B streptococcal oligopeptidase which has been shown to degrade a variety of bioactive peptides as well as the synthetic collagen-like substrate N-(3-[2-furyl]acryloyl)-Leu-Gly- Pro-Ala in vitro.
cd10283, MnuA_DNase1-like, Mycoplasma pulmonis MnuA nuclease-like. This subfamily includes Mycoplasma pulmonis MnuA, a membrane-associated nuclease related to Deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase1 or DNase I, EC 3.1.21.1). The in vivo role of MnuA is as yet undetermined. This subfamily belongs to the large EEP (exonuclease/endonuclease/phosphatase) superfamily that contains functionally diverse enzymes that share a common catalytic mechanism of cleaving phosphodiester bonds.
TIGR03181, PDH_E1_alph_x, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component, alpha subunit. Members of this protein family are the alpha subunit of the E1 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). This model represents one branch of a larger family that E1-alpha proteins from 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase, acetoin dehydrogenase, another PDH clade, etc. [Energy metabolism, Pyruvate dehydrogenase].
TIGR01350, Dihydrolipoyl_dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase. This model describes dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, a flavoprotein that acts in a number of ways. It is the E3 component of dehydrogenase complexes for pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, 2-oxoisovalerate, and acetoin. It can also serve as the L protein of the glycine cleavage system. This family includes a few members known to have distinct functions (ferric leghemoglobin reductase and NADH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase) but that may be predicted by homology to act as dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase as well. The motif GGXCXXXGCXP near the N-terminus contains a redox-active disulfide.
TIGR02644, Thymidine_phosphorylase, pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase. In general, members of this protein family are designated pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase, enzyme family EC 2.4.2.2, as in Bacillus subtilis, and more narrowly as the enzyme family EC 2.4.2.4, thymidine phosphorylase (alternate name: pyrimidine phosphorylase), as in Escherichia coli. The set of proteins encompassed by this model is designated subfamily rather than equivalog for this reason; the protein name from this model should be used when TIGR02643 does not score above trusted cutoff. [Purines, pyrimidines, nucleosides, and nucleotides, Other].
cd02947, TRX_family, TRX family; composed of two groups: Group I, which includes proteins that exclusively encode a TRX domain; and Group II, which are composed of fusion proteins of TRX and additional domains. Group I TRX is a small ancient protein that alter the redox state of target proteins via the reversible oxidation of an active site dithiol, present in a CXXC motif, partially exposed at the protein's surface. TRX reduces protein disulfide bonds, resulting in a disulfide bond at its active site. Oxidized TRX is converted to the active form by TRX reductase, using reducing equivalents derived from either NADPH or ferredoxins. By altering their redox state, TRX regulates the functions of at least 30 target proteins, some of which are enzymes and transcription factors. It also plays an important role in the defense against oxidative stress by directly reducing hydrogen peroxide and certain radicals, and by serving as a reductant for peroxiredoxins. At least two major types of functional TRXs have been reported in most organisms; in eukaryotes, they are located in the cytoplasm and the mitochondria. Higher plants contain more types (at least 20 TRX genes have been detected in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana), two of which (types f amd m) are located in the same compartment, the chloroplast. Also included in the alignment are TRX-like domains which show sequence homology to TRX but do not contain the redox active CXXC motif. Group II proteins, in addition to either a redox active TRX or a TRX-like domain, also contain additional domains, which may or may not possess homology to known proteins.
cd00553, NAD_synthase, NAD+ synthase is a homodimer, which catalyzes the final step in de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis, an amide transfer from either ammonia or glutamine to nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD). The conversion of NaAD to NAD+ occurs via an NAD-adenylate intermediate and requires ATP and Mg2+. The intemediate is subsequently cleaved into NAD+ and AMP. In many prokaryotes, such as E. coli , NAD synthetase consists of a single domain and is strictly ammonia dependent. In contrast, eukaryotes and other prokaryotes have an additional N-terminal amidohydrolase domain that prefer glutamine, Interestingly, NAD+ synthases in these prokaryotes, can also utilize ammonia as an amide source .
pfam00535, Glycos_transf_2, Glycosyl transferase family 2. Diverse family, transferring sugar from UDP-glucose, UDP-N-acetyl- galactosamine, GDP-mannose or CDP-abequose, to a range of substrates including cellulose, dolichol phosphate and teichoic acids.
The bacterium proteins that are colored denote the protein is present at specific phage-related keywords (such as 'capsid', 'head', 'integrase', 'plate', 'tail', 'fiber', 'coat', 'transposase', 'portal', 'terminase', 'protease' or 'lysin' and 'tRNA')
